Nepal’s transition to democracy, following the end of a decade-long civil conflict in April 2006, had been complex and sometimes halting because of the deep ideological, social, and economic divisions that propelled the conflict.
In August 2008, a massive flood on the Koshi River in Nepal breached its east embankment, damaging a vast area of farmlands and standing crops in the Sunsari district in the eastern region. Less than a month later, incessant heavy rains caused severe landslides and flooding, ravaging the Kailali and Kanchanpur districts in the far western region.
Due to high transaction costs, poor logistics performance, and a proliferation of nontariff barriers, South Asia was one of the least integrated regions in world trade until 2012.
The macroeconomic environment in Nepal became upbeat, as peace set in after a decade−long conflict. Gross domestic product grew by 4.7% in 2008. Poverty incidence fell from 42% in 1996 to 31% in 2004. Nevertheless, until subprogram 2 preparation in 2009, severe poverty had persisted in various parts of the country and economic growth had been uneven.
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