During project appraisal in 2010, Shandong was the second largest province in terms of industrial outputs in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Its energy supply depended heavily on fossil fuels—coal (71%) and oil (26%)—causing high levels of carbon emissions. Its industry sector consumed over three quarters of its total energy in 2009.
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) achieved unprecedented economic growth between 1986 and 2005. One of the unintended consequences was severe environmental degradation, especially the pollution of water bodies. The government’s plans to contain water pollution had not kept pace with the rate of agricultural, industrial, and urban growth.
Beijing and Tianjin municipalities and Hebei province make up the economically important Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in the northern part of the People’s Republic China (PRC). Home to 109.2 million people, the region generated 10% of national gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013. It is an engine of PRC’s socioeconomic development, but poor air quality jeopardizes sustainable growth.
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has some of the worst land degradation in the world, with more than 40% of its land area, or about 3 million square kilometers (km2), adversely affected in 2005. The vast western region, which accounts for 71% of the PRC’s land area, with a population of more than 350 million at the time, including many of the country’s poorest and most vulnerable, was sign
A difficult mountainous terrain and an inadequate transport system used to isolate southern Gansu in the western region of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Before the project, Gansu's road density was just 9.1 kilometers (km) per 100 square kilometers (km2), or not even half the national average of 20 km per 100 km2. 24% of the villages had no road access and 25% had no bus service.
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